William Henry Perkin (William Henry Perkin) was only 18 years old in 1856 when he was busy fiddling with coal tar in his chemistry lab on the top floor.

(silk fabric dyed with aniline purple)

from here comes another award: the Perkin Medal (Perkin Medal). The award, established in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of aniline violet, was awarded by the American Chemical Industry Association and is regarded as the highest honor in the American chemical industry.

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by the way, the chemical structure of aniline violet is actually quite different from the quinine that Perkin originally wanted (see figure below). I can't blame him. After all, at that time, chemists were just beginning to understand the chemical structure of organic matter. Today, organic synthesis has become more refined and controllable, and this "beauty mistake", which is far from the desired result, may not happen again.